The 1990s brought new waves of political change. In 1990, a popular uprising led to the establishment of a constitutional monarchy with a multi-party system.

 

However, dissatisfaction with

the political system and social inequalities led to the Maoist insurgency, which lasted from 1996 to 2006. This conflict significantly affected the country, resulting in over 17,000 deaths and widespread

 

Displacement the Comprehensive Peace

Agreement of 2006 ended the civil war, leading to the abolition of the monarchy in 2008 and the declaration of Nepal as a federal democratic republic.

 

Nepal’s transition

to a republic was not smooth, with frequent political deadlocks and instability. The country adopted its new constitution in 2015, which restructured Nepal into seven provinces and established a secular state.

 

Despite the progressive

nature of the constitution, it faced opposition, particularly from the Madhesi and Tharu communities in the Terai, who felt underrepresented.

 

Protests and blockades along

the India-Nepal border ensued, exacerbating tensions with India and leading to economic hardships due to

 

working-age men in rural areas,

which puts pressure on women and children to take up additional responsibilities. Tourism is another major economic driver, capitalizing on Nepal’s natural beauty, adventure tourism, and cultural heritage.